在保护中超越'保护区'范式:探索印度的森林立法作为发展中国家的新保护模式
1Faculty of Anthropology, Institute of Development Studies Kolkata, Block-DD, 27/D, Sector-I, Kolkata, 700064, India. bidhand@gmail.com.
Environmental management
|October 7, 2024
概括
保护区 (PA) 往往无法保护生物多样性,并可能损害当地社区. 印度的森林权利法 (FRA) 提供了基于权利的方法,承认当地参与保护工作.
科学领域:
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 环境法 环境法 环境法
- 基于社区的自然资源管理
背景情况:
- 保护区 (PA) 的扩大是一个关键的全球生物多样性战略,但往往无法实现目标.
- 传统的自治权模式可以延续历史上的不公正,影响当地生计和权利.
- 对于包括当地社区在内的基于权利的保护框架的共识越来越大.
研究的目的:
- 评估印度2006年森林权利法 (FRA) 作为基于权利的生物多样性保护的潜在框架.
- 强调当地社区参与和权利在保护战略中的重要性.
- 确定实施以社区为中心的保护模式的挑战.
主要方法:
- 分析印度2006年"森林权利法" (FRA) 的原则和条款.
- 对"堡垒保护"方法与以社区为中心的保护模式的审查.
- 检查当地人民在生物多样性保护和生态系统管理中的作用.
主要成果:
- 2006年FRA通过将他们集中在保护设计和管理上,赋予当地社区权力.
- 这种模式承认人与生态系统之间的交织关系,与"堡垒保护"不同.
- 存在实施挑战,需要明确的利益相关者角色制度安排.
结论:
- 印度的2006年FRA为生物多样性保护提供了一个有价值的,基于权利的模型,包括当地社区.
- 有效实施需要明确的机构框架,定义利益相关者对生物资源管理的责任.
- 以社区为中心的保护,承认当地权利和代理权,对于实现保护目标至关重要.
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