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在IRONMAN年龄组的三项运动员中性别差异
Beat Knechtle1,2, David Valero3, Elias Villiger2
1Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
PloS one
|October 7, 2024
概括
在所有年龄组的IRONMAN®三项比赛中,男性在所有三项比赛中始终优于女性. 性别在表现上的差异在年轻的运动员中最小,并且随着年龄的增长以U形的模式增加,特别是在骑自行车运动中.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类表现的人类表现.
- 耐力运动是一种耐力运动.
背景情况:
- 运动表现中的性别差异在游泳,骑自行车和跑步等单项运动中得到了充分记录.
- 有限的研究存在于基于性别的性能差异在超耐力赛事,如IRONMAN®三项赛.
研究的目的:
- 研究IRONMAN®三项赛的三个学科 (游泳,骑自行车,跑步) 的性别差异.
- 通过使用大型数据集,分析不同年龄组 (5年间隔) 的这些差异.
主要方法:
- 对687,696名IRONMAN®年龄组三项运动员的结果 (2002-2022) 的分析.
- 对于每个分科和整体比赛时间,男性和女性之间的表现比较.
- 包括从18-24岁到75岁以上的年龄组.
主要成果:
- 在所有学科和年龄组中,男性比女性更快.
- 在骑自行车运动中,表现差距比在游泳和跑步中更大.
- 性差异呈现出随着年龄的增长呈U形的趋势,在18-24岁的人群中最小,增加到70-74岁.
结论:
- 在IRONMAN®三项比赛中的性别差异取决于年龄,以U形模式.
- 在最年轻的年龄组 (18-24岁) 观察到的表现差距最小.
- 75岁以上的运动员的表现差距发生变化,游泳/骑自行车的表现下降,但跑步的表现增加.
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