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相关概念视频

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

414
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
414
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

591
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
591
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

741
The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
741
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

421
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
421
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

376
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
376
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

987
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
987

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
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"外科手术期间的静脉静脉利多卡因可以减少口腔和面手术后的术后疼痛吗? ":一个随机临床试验.

Vivek Kumar Mahato1, Ashok Dongol2, Pradeep Acharya2

  • 1Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Koshi Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal.

Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery
|October 8, 2024
PubMed
概括

在外科手术期间,静脉注射利多卡因在口腔和面外科手术患者中没有显著减少术后疼痛或止痛药的使用. 进一步的研究可能会探索替代性疼痛管理策略,以改善手术后的恢复.

关键词:
利多卡因 (Lidocaine) 是一种药物.口腔和大面部外科手术.手术后的疼痛 术后的疼痛

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科学领域:

  • 麻醉学 麻醉学
  • 口腔和牙面部外科手术
  • 疼痛管理 疼痛管理

背景情况:

  • 手术后的疼痛是口腔和面外科手术后的一个重大问题.
  • 有效的疼痛管理对于患者的康复和满意度至关重要.
  • 静脉注射利多卡因在各种手术环境中表现出镇痛特性.

研究的目的:

  • 评估术前静脉注射利多卡因在口腔和面手术后缓解术后疼痛的疗效.
  • 评估利多卡因对止痛药消耗和患者舒适性的影响.

主要方法:

  • 一个前性的,随机的,双盲的受控试验,涉及40名接受口腔和面外科手术的患者.
  • 患者接受了静脉注射利多卡因 (2.0%) 或正常盐水 (0.9%) 输注.
  • 疼痛强度,镇静,生命体征和副作用被监测了手术后24小时.

主要成果:

  • 在任何时间点,在利多卡因和盐水组之间没有观察到数值评分表 (NRS) 疼痛评分的统计学上显著差异.
  • 止痛药的消耗,镇静水平和生命体征在两组之间没有显著差异.
  • 在外科手术期间输注利多卡因并没有显著减少术后疼痛或止痛药的需求.

结论:

  • 在接受口腔和面外科手术的患者中,低剂量外科临床利多卡因输注并没有显著降低术后疼痛强度或止痛药消耗.
  • 这些发现表明,静脉注射利多卡因可能不是在这个特定的手术群体中治疗疼痛的有效补充剂.
  • 对优化利多卡因剂量或替代多模式止痛策略的进一步研究是有必要的.