一个多病原体行为暴露模型,用于在发展中社区的小孩在公共空间玩
Stephanie A Houser1, Daniel K Sewell2, Danielle N Medgyesi3
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
|October 8, 2024
概括
在发展中国家的社区,儿童在公共场所玩时面临着暴露于病原体的高风险. 这项研究强调,迫切需要在减少幼儿腹疾病的干预措施中考虑这些环境.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
- 全球儿童健康 儿童健康
背景情况:
- 腹疾病仍然是发展中国家五岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因.
- 现有的水,环境卫生和卫生 (WASH) 干预措施的影响有限,这表明需要新的方法.
- 非正式定居点的公共空间经常被便和废物污染,造成潜在的暴露风险.
研究的目的:
- 调查小孩在非正式定居点的公共空间中玩的病原体暴露风险.
- 量化环境污染,儿童行为和病原体暴露之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 收集和分析了海地Corail的79个土壤样本,使用培养试验和定量聚合酶链反应 (qPCR).
- 对特定病原体进行选的环境样本,包括Aeromonas,Vibrio霍乱和致病性大肠杆菌物种.
- 在环境采样地点对5岁以下儿童进行行为观察.
主要成果:
- 儿童在一小时的游戏中暴露于病原体的可能性为~70%,多次暴露的可能性为>30%.
- 与婴儿相比,在幼儿和老年儿童中观察到更高的病原体暴露概率和剂量.
- 在环境样本中发现同一个大肠杆菌菌种的基因之间存在强烈的相关性.
结论:
- 公共空间是幼儿肠道病原体暴露的重要途径,但未得到充分解决.
- 这些发现强调了将公共空间考虑纳入未来的研究和公共卫生干预措施的必要性.
- 需要新的策略来减轻传统WASH计划之外的病原体暴露风险.
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