嵌入式价值观类似于塑造主要医疗保健道德困境上的大型语言模型的伦理推理
Dorit Hadar-Shoval1, Kfir Asraf1, Shiri Shinan-Altman2
1The Center for Psychobiological Research, Department of Psychology and Educational Counseling, Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Israel.
Heliyon
|October 9, 2024
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 显示出不同的价值配置文件,可能会影响初级保健中的伦理决策. 将人工智能定制为文化价值观对于公平的医疗保健服务至关重要.
科学领域:
- 人工智能伦理学 人工智能伦理学
- 医疗保健技术评估 医疗保健技术评估
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 施瓦茨的价值观理论为理解人类价值观提供了一个框架.
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 越来越多地被整合到各种专业领域,包括医疗保健.
- 初级保健中的道德决策是复杂的,需要仔细考虑竞争价值观.
研究的目的:
- 调查嵌入在LLMs中的价值类型配置文件.
- 评估这些嵌入式价值观是否影响初级保健场景中的道德决策.
- 将LLM值与一般人口基准值进行比较,并识别潜在的偏差.
主要方法:
- 对多名法学士 (克劳德,巴德,GPT-3.5,GPT-4) 进行了肖像价值调查问卷修订 (PVQ-RR).
- 对LLM的回答进行了基准测试,并与一个庞大的,多样化的国际数据集 (n >53,000) 相比.
- 伦理医学院评估了四个临床细节,展示了价值冲突的伦理困境.
主要成果:
- 每个LLM都表现出独特的价值观特征,优先考虑普遍主义和自我指导,而不是权力和传统.
- 与人口基准相比,LLM资料显示了潜在的以西方为中心的偏见.
- 初步证据表明,嵌入式价值观影响了LLM建议,模型间的信任程度各不相同.
结论:
- 在LLM中嵌入的独特价值观会影响伦理决策,并对初级保健整合产生影响.
- 定制LLM与多元文化价值观保持一致,对于全球公平的AI辅助医疗保健至关重要.
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