运动在减少成人心血管风险因素中的有效性:系统性审查和元分析
Mohd Diya Masmoum1, Soha Khan2, Waqas A Usmani3
1General Practice, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus
|October 9, 2024
概括
定期运动显著降低了心血管疾病的风险因素,如血压和胆固醇. 这一系统性审查证实体育活动,包括有氧和抵抗训练,是预防心脏病和中风的关键预防措施.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学和预防医学.
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 心血管疾病 (CVD) 是全球主要的死亡原因.
- 改变生活方式,特别是身体活动,对于降低心血管疾病风险至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估不同运动方式在减轻成人心血管风险因素方面的有效性.
- 综合来自随机对照试验和关于运动和心血管疾病风险的观察性研究的证据.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,CINAHL,CENTRAL,EMBASE) 进行系统的文献搜索,从2014-2024.
- 包括随机对照试验,队列和观察性研究来评估有氧,抵抗或联合训练.
- 使用Cochrane偏差风险工具和MINORS检查清单进行质量评估,并使用RevMan软件进行元分析.
主要成果:
- 运动干预措施显著降低了系统血压 (SBP) 3.32 mmHg 和腹压血压 (DBP) 2.99 mmHg.
- 在从事体力活动的参与者中,观察到胆固醇水平和体重指数 (BMI) 的改善.
- 在运动者中发现了较低中风或心肌梗塞风险的趋势,尽管存在相当大的异质性 (I2=98%).
结论:
- 有氧运动,抵抗运动和联合运动有效地降低了关键的心血管风险因素,如血压,胆固醇和BMI.
- 定期体育活动仍然是预防心血管疾病的基石,尽管研究结果有所不同.
- 需要进一步的研究来确定最佳的运动方案及其对不同人群的长期影响.
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