在信号通路内的功能增益和丧失等位基因导致个体之间的表型多样性
Matthew D Vandermeulen1, Sakshi Khaiwal2, Gabriel Rubio1
1Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-1300, USA.
iScience
|October 9, 2024
概括
酵母MAPK信号通路中的遗传变异驱动着表型多样性. 在PAK激酶和G蛋白中的特定突变影响生长和交配,在真核生物中发现了类似的变化,突出了多样性的保存机制.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 现型多样性对于适应和进化至关重要.
- 线素激活蛋白激酶 (MAPK) 信号通路调节各种细胞过程.
- 了解表型变异的遗传基础是一个关键的生物学问题.
研究的目的:
- 研究MAPK信号通路变异在野生酵母 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 中产生表型多样性的作用.
- 识别MAPK信号模块中的特定遗传变异及其功能后果.
- 探索这些变异在真核生物中的进化影响.
主要方法:
- 对1500多个野生酵母个体的基因组分析,以在62个候选MAPK信号基因中识别单核酸多态 (SNP).
- 通过功能丧失 (LOF) 和功能增益 (GOF) 分析对已识别的变体进行功能验证.
- 对已识别的G蛋白变体在metazoan血统中的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 在MAPK信号基因中确定了1957个SNP,在关键信号蛋白中发现了功能相关的变异.
- 在PAK激酶中LOF等位基因降低了蛋白质的稳定性和特异性,影响了丝状细胞的生长和交配.
- 在G蛋白中过度激活GOF等位基因诱导了丝状生长,在包括人类在内的甲基动物中观察到类似的变异.
- 一个粘素信号器显示了被认为是GOF等位基因的流行,这表明在MAPK调节和多样性中发挥了作用.
结论:
- 在MAPK信号通路内的遗传变异是酵母体表型多样性的重要贡献者.
- 在信号蛋白中保存的功能变异,如G蛋白,表明在真核生物的表型进化中的作用.
- MAPK信号通路代表了一种遗传变异的储备,可以在整个生命中产生表型多样性.
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