在不同年龄阶段的自闭症谱系障碍中,整个大脑的结构和功能发生变化
Zedong Wang1,2, Liqin Zheng2, Lijuan Yang3
1Microecology Research Center, Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
European child & adolescent psychiatry
|October 9, 2024
概括
自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 涉及渐进的,年龄特定的大脑变化. 神经成像显示了整个童年,青春期和成年期的独特结构和功能变化,影响了社会行为.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 放射学 放射学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种神经发育状况,其特点是脑部区域变化和神经障碍.
- 有限的研究已经探索了自闭症相关的大脑功能障碍如何在不同的发育阶段表现出来,从童年到成年.
- 了解这些特定于年龄的变化对于开发有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究ASD个体在不同发育阶段的结构和功能性大脑变化:儿童,青少年和成年.
- 确定与ASD相关的神经生物学变化的特定阶段模式.
- 为了将神经成像发现与临床社会和行为评分相关联.
主要方法:
- 使用了综合的神经成像方法,包括调制和非调制的基于声素的形态学 (VBM).
- 使用区域同质性 (ReHo),低频波动幅度 (ALFF) 和分数ALFF (fALFF) 评估功能性大脑活动.
- 分析了儿童 (6-12岁),青少年 (12-18岁) 和成年 (18岁以上) 个体的数据.
主要成果:
- 在ASD中确定了显著的,特定阶段的结构和功能性大脑异常.
- 观察到调制的VBM减少 (前,状核,下叶) 和增量 (中脑,下状区域);在状核和乳腺体中观察到的非调制的VBM增量.
- 发现局部同步中断 (通过ReHo介于中前额) 和自发活动改变 (通过ALFF/fALFF介于亚,亚叶膜).
结论:
- 自闭症与逐渐的,特定阶段的大脑结构和功能异常有关.
- 在每个发育阶段都会出现不同的神经生物学模式,这凸显了需要针对年龄的具体考虑的必要性.
- 特定阶段的发现,特别是特定地区的VBM和ReHo,与社会和重复性行为相关,表明潜在的治疗点.
相关概念视频
Autism Spectrum Disorder
72
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
72
Modeling in Therapy
55
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
55
Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
602
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
602
Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development
40
The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
Abstract Reasoning and Hypothetical-Deductive Thinking
Unlike the concrete operational...
Abstract Reasoning and Hypothetical-Deductive Thinking
Unlike the concrete operational...
40
Cognitive Development During Adulthood
65
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
65
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
26
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
26


