预测2015年至2019年撒哈拉以南非洲有害酒精使用率:基于人口的艾滋病毒影响评估证据
Mtumbi Goma1, Wingston Felix Ng'ambi1,2, Cosmas Zyambo1
1Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
PloS one
|October 9, 2024
概括
在撒哈拉以南非洲,有害的酒精使用普遍存在,因国家和人口统计而有所不同. 不接受ART治疗的HIV阳性个体显示,有害饮酒的可能性更高.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 药物滥用研究 药物滥用研究
背景情况:
- 有害的酒精使用对全球公共卫生构成重大风险.
- 基于人口的艾滋病毒影响评估 (PHIA) 调查收集有关酒精使用的数据.
- 关于影响撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA) 有害酒精使用的HIV/ART状态的有限分析存在.
研究的目的:
- 分析SSA中有害酒精消费的流行率和相关性.
- 调查艾滋病毒/ART状态与有害酒精使用之间的联系.
主要方法:
- 来自纳米比亚,坦桑尼亚,赞比亚,津巴布韦,马拉维和埃斯瓦提尼的PHIA调查数据的二次分析.
- 使用R版本4.2进行统计分析,以确定有害酒精消费的摄入量和相关值.
- 使用机器学习模型 (Lasso,超级学习者,随机森林) 进行预测分析.
主要成果:
- 在12,460名参与者中,有15%的人报告有害的酒精使用,流行率因国家而异 (马拉维的8.7%,纳米比亚的26.1%).
- 作为女性或艾滋病毒阳性并接受抗逆转录病毒疗法 (ART) 与有害酒精使用的可能性较低有关.
- 艾滋病毒阳性但不接受ART治疗的个人有更高的有害酒精使用的可能性 (OR = 1.49,95% CI: 1.32-1.69).
结论:
- 有害的酒精使用是SSA的一个重要问题,在不同国家之间存在很大的差异.
- 诸如国家,性别,年龄,HIV/ART状态和婚姻状况等因素与有害的酒精使用有关.
- 为了控制SSA的有害酒精使用,政策干预应考虑这些人口和健康特征.
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