对安全水优化工具的评估,以提供基于证据的地表水的化目标:乌干达难民环境的教训
Camille Heylen1, Gabrielle String1,2, Doreen Naliyongo3
1Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.
Environmental science & technology
|October 9, 2024
概括
安全水优化工具 (SWOT) 通过增加地表水系统的目标,改善了乌干达的饮用水质量. 这提高了自由残留 (FRC) 的水平,而没有增加水排放或消毒副产品.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 环境工程 环境工程
- 水质管理水质管理
背景情况:
- 在消费点确保安全的饮用水至关重要,特别是在难民营.
- 表面水源在维持适当的消毒方面存在独特的挑战.
- 安全水优化工具 (SWOT) 旨在为水务运营商提供基于证据的目标.
研究的目的:
- 评估安全水优化工具 (SWOT) 在改善地表水源水质方面的有效性.
- 评估SWOT产生的目标对自由残留 (FRC),微生物污染和消毒副产品 (DBP) 的影响.
- 了解运营商在水系统中实施SWOT的观点.
主要方法:
- 在乌干达的一个难民营中进行了一种混合方法的前后评估.
- 调查评估了用户的水知识,态度和做法 (n=888).
- 对FRC,大肠杆菌和DBP进行了水样 (n=2768) 的分析. 与系统运营商进行了关键信息人采访 (n=9).
主要成果:
- SWOT实施增加了管道和卡车系统的FRC配送点目标.
- 在两种系统中,消费点FRC水平≥0.2 mg/L均显著增加 (从23%增加到35%,8%增加到42%).
- 没有观察到化水排斥的增加或超过国际准则的DBP.
结论:
- 通过增加剂量,SWOT生成的目标有效地改善了表面水系统中的家庭用水质量.
- 虽然有效,但影响不如地下水源那么明显,突出显示了对前化处理支持的需求.
- 实施SWOT提高了运营商的知识和能力,但需要进一步支持以实现最佳的地表水处理.
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