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随机电路采样中的相位转换
A Morvan1, B Villalonga1, X Mi1
1Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Nature
|October 9, 2024
概括
量子处理器面临着噪音挑战. 这项研究揭示了随机电路采样中的两个相位过渡,证明了当前量子硬件可以实现的计算复杂相位.
科学领域:
- 量子信息科学
- 量子计算
- 凝聚物质物理学
背景情况:
- 量子处理器容易受到环境噪音的影响, 降低性能并限制计算能力.
- 交叉基准测试 (XEB) 用于估计量子处理器中的希尔伯特空间的有效大小.
- 噪音可能会破坏量子算法, 使它们易受经典模拟的影响.
研究的目的:
- 通过交叉基测试在随机电路采样中实验证明和理论解释两个可观测的相位过渡.
- 引入一个弱环模型来分析噪音和连贯演变之间的相互作用.
- 通过当前的量子处理器来确定计算复杂的阶段的存在.
主要方法:
- 实施一个随机电路采样算法.
- 通过交叉基比较对两个相变进行实验观察.
- 使用统计模型和弱链模型进行理论解释.
- 在67量子比特处理器上执行大规模的随机电路采样实验.
主要成果:
- 通过实验观察到两种相位过渡:一个由电路深度控制的动态相位过渡和一个由误差率控制的量子相位过渡.
- 开发了一个弱链模型以分析和实验识别量子相位过渡.
- 一个67个量子位,32个循环的随机电路采样实验表明计算复杂度超过了经典的超级计算机.
结论:
- 这项研究确立了量子计算中的相位过渡的存在,为噪声弹性提供了洞察力.
- 一个计算复杂的阶段被证明可以用当前的量子处理器实现,为实际的量子优势铺平了道路.
- 这些发现为了解和减轻量子计算中的噪音提供了框架.
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