50岁以上成年人多病症对老年残疾的影响:从元分析中获得的证据
Jiao Lu1, Yanping Li2, Lijing Cao2
1School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.)
|October 10, 2024
概括
多发病症显著增加了老年人的残疾风险. 特定的模式,如心血管和代谢疾病,构成最高风险,需要针对性干预以预防功能下降.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 多病症,即多种慢性疾病的共存,是老龄化人口日益关注的问题.
- 老年人的残疾是一个重要的公共卫生问题,影响生活质量和医疗保健成本.
- 了解多病症和残疾之间的复杂关系对于有效的健康干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在50岁及以上的成年人中进行元分析,评估多病症 (疾病的数量和模式) 与残疾之间的关联.
- 量化与不同水平和慢性疾病组合相关的残疾风险.
- 确定加剧或减轻残疾风险的特定多病态模式.
主要方法:
- 对基于人群的研究进行系统审查和元分析.
- 纳入标准:研究涉及50岁以上的成年人,评估多病症和残疾,并报告几率比率 (OR).
- 评估同质性 (I2),偏差风险和出版偏差;遵循PRISMA指南.
主要成果:
- 患有两种慢性疾病的老年人残疾的OR为2.52 (95%CI为2.30-2.76),患有≥3种疾病的OR为3.38 (95%CI为3.05-3.75).
- 结合心血管和代谢疾病的多病态模式显示了最高的残疾风险 (OR 8.01,95% CI 7.60-8.44).
- 结合了心血管,代谢和精神健康状况,对残疾产生了协同作用,而肌肉骨系统疾病则表现出抑制作用.
结论:
- 多发病症大大增加了老年人的残疾风险.
- 特定的多病态模式,特别是心血管和代谢疾病,与更高的残疾率密切相关.
- 需要有差异化的,特定于模式的早期干预措施,以防止老年人的功能衰退和残疾.
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