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相关概念视频

pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
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RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

8.9K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
06:48

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2022

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线粒体RNA成熟的过程

Zofia M Chrzanowska-Lightowlers1, Robert N Lightowlers1

  • 1Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

RNA biology
|October 10, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

线粒体基因组 (mtDNA) 表达令人惊地复杂,涉及各种RNA处理,编辑和成熟事件. 这一必不可少的过程严重依赖于核编码的蛋白质,挑战了简单性的假设.

关键词:
线粒体中的线粒体.成熟 成熟 成熟 成熟.传递 RNA 的信使 RNA.修改 修改 修改 修改 修改处理 处理 处理 处理翻译翻译翻译翻译翻译翻译

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Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

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科学领域:

  • 细胞和分子生物学 细胞和分子生物学
  • 遗传学和基因组学 遗传学和基因组学
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 大多数利用氧气的真核生物依赖于他们的线粒体基因组 (mtDNA) 才能生存.
  • mtDNA比核基因组小得多,这表明它有一个更简单的表达系统.
  • 线粒体起源于内共生细菌.

研究的目的:

  • 为了回顾线粒体RNA (mtRNA) 生产的复杂性.
  • 突出涉及跨物种mtRNA表达的多样化和复杂机制.
  • 挑战mtDNA表达是简单的假设.

主要方法:

  • 关于线粒体基因表达的科学出版物的文献综述.
  • 对RNA处理,修改,编辑和拼接途径的比较分析.
  • 核编码蛋白在有机细胞基因表达中的作用的研究.

主要成果:

  • mtRNA生产表现出广泛的物种特异性变异.
  • 有机体采用各种复杂的RNA处理和成熟步骤.
  • 核编码的蛋白质对于许多重要的mtRNA修饰事件至关重要.
  • 线粒体基因组的不寻常特征影响RNA处理.

结论:

  • 线粒体基因表达比以前所认为的要复杂得多.
  • mtRNA生产途径的演变是多样化和复杂的.
  • 了解这些过程需要理解线粒体和核基因组之间的相互作用.