COVID-19期间的劳动力市场:拉丁美洲的差距和挑战
Oscar A Martínez-Martínez1, Javier Reyes-Martínez2, Andrés Iván Mideros Mora3
1Departamento de Ciencias Sociales y Políticas, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico.
Frontiers in sociology
|October 10, 2024
概括
由于COVID-19大流行,拉丁美洲的劳动形式率增加,这是由于内部部门的增长,而不是工人流离失所. 女人 女人 女人 女人 女人
科学领域:
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
- 社会经济影响社会经济影响
- 公共政策 公共政策
背景情况:
- COVID-19 疫情对拉丁美洲的劳动力市场产生了重大影响.
- 量化这些影响对于理解社会和经济后果至关重要.
- 设计有效的公共政策需要分析大流行引起的劳动力市场变化.
研究的目的:
- 调查COVID-19大流行的主要应急措施之前和两年后劳动形式率的变化.
- 确定拉丁美洲国家劳工形式的转变背后的驱动因素.
主要方法:
- 使用加权平均值分析劳动形式率 (τ).
- 数据来自9个拉丁美洲国家:阿根廷,玻利维亚,智利,哥伦比亚,厄瓜多尔,危地马拉,墨西哥,秘鲁和乌拉圭.
- 检查了随着时间的推移,各经济部门的正式就业率的变化.
主要成果:
- 在整个地区,加权劳动形式率普遍上升.
- 增加的形式性归因于诸如资本积累和部门内的流程集成 (部门内部方面) 等因素.
- 没有显著的证据表明工人从非正规部门转移到正式部门 (跨部门组成部分) 推动了增长.
结论:
- 该研究强调了妇女的不稳定劳动力市场状况,特别是在厄瓜多尔,秘鲁,玻利维亚和阿根廷.
- 调查结果强调,需要制定公共政策来解决劳动力市场的脆弱性,特别是针对妇女和非正式部门.
- 政策建议旨在减轻未来的经济冲击,提高劳动力市场的弹性.
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