在典型发育的儿童中,绘画和积木构建的特定和共享的认知预测因素
Isa Zappullo1, Vincenzo Paolo Senese2, Luigi Trojano3
1Developmental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.
Frontiers in human neuroscience
|October 10, 2024
概括
这项研究揭示了儿童绘画和积木建筑的独特认知技能. 图形解体和视觉运动协调是两者的关键,而其他技能是特定任务的,有助于神经心理评估.
科学领域:
- 发育神经心理学 发展神经心理学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 空间构造是一种复杂的认知能力,对发展至关重要.
- 它涉及各种过程,包括注意力,视觉处理和运动协调.
- 绘画和块构建任务的特定认知基础仍然未得到充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查两个空间建筑任务的共享和特定的认知预测因素:绘图 (雷-奥斯特里特复杂图;ROCF) 和块建筑 (块设计;BD).
- 检查工作记忆,注意力,执行功能,语言能力和视觉运动协调对典型发育儿童这些任务的影响.
- 区分认知过程对于一般空间建设至关重要,而不是那些特定于绘图或块建筑的认知过程.
主要方法:
- 使用路径分析对195名典型发育儿童 (7-11岁) 的样本进行了分析.
- 预测因素包括语言和空间工作记忆,空间注意力,抑制,词汇,命名,形象解体,心理旋转,视觉运动协调和人口统计.
- 执行ROCF和BD任务的表现作为结果指标.
主要成果:
- 图形解体和视觉运动协调被确定为ROCF和BD任务的唯一共享预测因素.
- ROCF表现与空间注意力和抑制有显著的关联.
- BD的表现与性别,词汇,心理旋转和向后空间工作记忆有关.
结论:
- 这些发现区分了对于一般空间构建至关重要的认知能力与特定于绘图或块建筑的认知能力.
- 这种区别为神经心理评估和针对性干预提供了有价值的见解,用于遇到空间构造困难的儿童.
- 了解特定任务的认知概况可以完善发育神经心理学中的诊断和治疗方法.
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