在学前儿童中,静止型,静止模式和认知能力之间的关联
Dan Li1, Michael Chia2, Seow Ting Low3
1School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China.
European journal of pediatrics
|October 10, 2024
概括
并非所有久坐的行为对学龄前儿童的认知发展都是一样的. 经常休息静坐时间与更好的认知能力有关,这表明一种促进发展的策略.
科学领域:
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 久坐不动的行为 (SB) 通常不被认为有利于学龄前儿童的认知发展.
- 然而,并非所有类型的SB都同样有害;一些活跃的久坐行为甚至可能是有益的.
- 现有的研究仅限于对SB类型和对认知结果的静止模式 (发作,休息) 的区分.
研究的目的:
- 研究不同类型的久坐行为与学龄前儿童的认知能力之间的关系.
- 检查静坐模式 (发作和休息) 与学龄前儿童的认知能力之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及353名3-6岁学龄前儿童的横截面研究.
- 久坐不动的类型是父母报告的;久坐不动的模式是客观地用加速度计测量了七天.
- 认知能力使用韦克斯勒学前和初级智力量表 (WPPSI-IV) 进行评估,数据通过多重线性回归分析.
主要成果:
- 不基于屏幕的活跃SB与男孩的更高智商和流动推理以及女孩的更高视觉空间指数相关.
- 基于屏幕的活跃SB显示与整体认知能力有负面关联.
- 认知能力与静止休息有积极的联系,但与静止活动无关.
结论:
- 久坐不动的行为类型显著影响学龄前儿童的认知发展.
- 从久坐时间的频繁休息与增强的认知发展有关.
- 鼓励更频繁地从长时间的久坐中休息的干预措施可以支持幼儿的最佳认知发展.
相关概念视频
Information Processing Approach
30
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
30
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood
87
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of...
Schemata: Building Blocks of...
87
Biological Influences on Intelligence
74
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
74
Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development
536
During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
536
Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development
47
The preoperational stage, the second of Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development, spans approximately ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking. During this stage, children use language, images, and symbols to represent objects and concepts, enabling them to engage in imaginative and pretend play. This symbolic thinking supports children's ability to perform make-believe actions, such as imagining a broom as a horse or their hand as a phone,...
47
Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
602
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
602


