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相关概念视频

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

1
Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Ureters01:22

Ureters

385
The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
385
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

479
Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
479
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

449
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
449
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
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主要膀管外流的反流.

Prem Puri1, Florian Friedmacher2, Marie-Klaire Farrugia3,4

  • 1University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. prof.prempuri@gmail.com.

Nature reviews. Disease primers
|October 10, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

初级膀外流 (VUR) 是儿童常见的疾病. 管理重点是预防尿路感染 (UTI) 和脏损伤,选择范围从观察到手术.

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Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model
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Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
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科学领域:

  • 儿科泌尿外科 儿科泌尿外科
  • 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
  • 医疗技术 医疗技术 医学技术

背景情况:

  • 初级膀外流 (VUR) 是婴儿和儿童常见的泌尿病状况.
  • VUR与尿路感染 (UTI) 有关,可能导致关节损伤,高血压,蛋白尿和慢性病.

研究的目的:

  • 审查目前对VUR自然史的理解,并确定有风险的患者.
  • 概述儿科VUR管理的主要目标,重点关注尿路感染预防和最大限度地减少损伤.
  • 讨论当前的管理选择和诊断和治疗中的持续辩论.

主要方法:

  • 对VUR.UR的自然历史的回顾.
  • 分析VUR,尿道感染和损伤之间的已确定的关联.
  • 讨论当前的治疗方式:监测,抗生素预防,内镜注射和尿管再植入.
  • 在VUR管理中探索新兴技术,如人工智能.

主要成果:

  • 对VUR自然历史的更好理解有助于识别有风险的儿童.
  • 有四种主要的管理选择:监测,持续的抗生素预防,内镜注射和尿管再植入.
  • 关键的辩论涉及诊断成像时间和预防或手术的患者选择.

结论:

  • 儿童VUR的有效管理旨在预防复发性尿路感染和长期功能障碍.
  • 目前的治疗策略正在不断发展,关于最佳诊断和治疗方法的讨论正在进行中.
  • 未来的进步,包括人工智能,可能会个性化VUR诊断和治疗,以改善结果.