利用开源的地理数据库来增强在生态模型中对景观异质性的表现
Tiziana A Gelmi-Candusso1, Peter Rodriguez1, Mason Fidino2
1Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.
Ecology and evolution
|October 11, 2024
概括
本研究介绍了一个使用OpenStreetMap (OSM) 数据创建详细的城市土地覆盖地图以进行生态研究的框架. 这些地图改善了野生动物的空间占用模型,揭示了哺乳动物独特的城市适应模式.
科学领域:
- 城市生态城市生态学
- 地理信息系统 (GIS) 是指地理信息系统.
- 空间建模 空间建模
背景情况:
- 城市地区是对野生动物至关重要的高度异质的景观,但全球土地覆盖地图将它们视为统一的.
- 现有的城市生态研究受到缺乏标准化,高分辨率和可访问的城市景观数据的限制.
- 像OpenStreetMap (OSM) 这样的开源地理数据库提供了潜力,但需要专门处理生态应用.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个框架来提取,分类和整合OpenStreetMap (OSM) 的地理特征到全球土地覆盖地图中进行生态研究.
- 验证城市和城市周边环境中OSM衍生的土地覆盖数据的完整性和准确性.
- 展示OSM增强地图在产生生态变量和改善野生动物空间占用模型方面的实用性.
主要方法:
- 使用R编程语言处理和分类来自OpenStreetMap (OSM) 数据库的地理特征.
- 开发了与城市和郊区景观相关的OSM特征的详尽列表.
- 通过评估北美34个城市的特征完整性和地图准确性来验证框架的输出,并将其应用于分析芝加哥的哺乳动物占用率.
主要成果:
- 该框架成功地从OSM数据中提取和分类了城市景观特征.
- 对于不透气的土地覆盖类型,OSM特征显示高度完整 (50%-100%).
- 由此产生的OSM增强地图在30米分辨率达到89%的准确性,并改善了城市野生动物的空间占用分析.
结论:
- 开发的框架为生态学家提供了一种可扩展的方法,可以利用开源的地理数据来创建特定研究的景观变量.
- 用OSM增强的土地覆盖地图显著提高了空间生态建模的准确性,并减少了不确定性,特别是为了了解人类对野生动物的影响.
- 这种方法提高了城市保护研究的能力,特别是在数据有限的地区.
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