在环境退化条件下使用一次性商业生物基塑料:它们的生物降解性和可堆肥性是事实吗?
Lizbeth Gonzalez-Victoriano1, Esau Silva Camacho1, Josué David Hernández-Varela1
1Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
The Science of the total environment
|October 11, 2024
概括
可堆肥的餐具和包装是必不可少的,但墨西哥的规定是模糊的. 这项研究发现,只有袋子符合堆肥标准,而盘子和叉子的生物降解性低,这与制造商的说法相矛盾.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 聚合物科学 聚合物科学
背景情况:
- 评估生物基材料的可堆肥性对于一次性使用物品至关重要.
- 墨西哥关于生物降解和可堆肥性的法规缺乏科学验证.
- 商业生物具和包装需要严格测试环境要求.
研究的目的:
- 分析墨西哥商业生物制品餐具和包装的生物降解性和堆肥性.
- 为了验证制造商关于生物基材料环境性能的说法.
- 通过科学评估来评估遵守模糊的国家法规.
主要方法:
- 减肥,压力-应变测试,以及用于宏观观测的地形成像.
- 光谱 (FTIR,XRD),显微镜 (SEM) 和热分析用于材料表征.
- 在受控条件下进行90天的可堆肥性测试.
主要成果:
- 袋子显示了80%的分解率,而盘子和叉子的分解率明显较低.
- 袋子的机械阻力下降了62%,盘子下降了30%,叉子的机械阻力可以忽略不计.
- SEM和热分析证实了袋子和盘子的降解,但不是叉子,这表明后者的生物降解性很低.
结论:
- 只有分析的袋子符合墨西哥法规下的堆肥性标准.
- 主要由聚烯组成的盘子和叉子显示出低生物降解性和耐降解性.
- 该研究强调了生物基餐具和包装的制造商声明和实际堆肥性能之间的差异.
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