脊椎动物内分泌干扰剂诱导蓝的性别逆转
K Garrett Evensen1, Emily Rusin1, William E Robinson1
1School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
Scientific reports
|October 12, 2024
概括
这项研究表明,内分泌干扰化合物 (EDC) 可以改变性质并干扰软体动物的繁殖发育,证实它们对这些污染物的敏感性. 我们的研究结果强调了类固醇激素在软体动物性差异化和EDC影响中的作用.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 环境毒理学环境毒理学
背景情况:
- 软体动物是一个高度多样化的类,对内分泌系统和对污染的反应了解甚少.
- 已知内分泌干扰化合物 (EDC) 会导致各种物种的生殖问题和种群减少.
- 脊椎动物EDCs对软体动物的影响,特别是类固醇激素类化学物质,仍然存在争议.
研究的目的:
- 调查特定EDC对蓝 (Mytilus edulis) 性别决定和性腺发育的影响.
- 在M. edulis中建立用于性别识别的qPCR测定,以促进实验设计.
- 确认类固醇生成和类固醇类激素在软体动物内分泌学和对EDCs的反应中的作用.
主要方法:
- 开发一种非破坏性qPCR测定方法,用于M. edulis.的性别鉴定.
- 试验性暴露雄性贝17α-乙烯烯二醇和雌性贝基托可纳.
- 对性别变化,性腺发育,性别分化途径中的基因表达和类固醇水平的分析.
主要成果:
- 无论是17α-乙inylestradiol还是ketoconazole,都诱导了个体中的性别变化.
- 暴露于EDC干扰了生殖腺发育,并破坏了与性差异化相关的基因表达.
- 凯托可纳治疗改变了类固醇水平,证实了类固醇生成在软体动物内分泌干扰中的参与.
结论:
- 类固醇激素类化学物质和类固醇生成抑制剂在软体动物中充当EDC,影响性差异化.
- 这项研究为监测软体动物种群及其对内分泌干扰的反应提供了有价值的工具 (qPCR测定).
- 这些发现提供了对软体动物内分泌学和暴露于环境污染物的双动物性差异化机制的关键见解.
相关概念视频
01:20Mate Choice
Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
01:19X-linked Traits
In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
02:19The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...
02:45The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
02:50Dosage Compensation
In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...