护士和医生的医疗保健劳动力短缺:实践,理论,证据和前进的途径
Daniel Tobias Michaeli1, Julia Caroline Michaeli2, Sebastian Albers3
1Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
全球医疗保健面临着持续的劳动力短缺,COVID-19流行病等事件加剧了这种情况. 解决这一问题需要长期战略超越移民,专注于教育和改善医疗专业人员的激励措施.
科学领域:
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
- 医疗保健管理的管理
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,医疗保健部门经历了持续的劳动力短缺,受到COVID-19流行病等外部冲击的严重影响.
- 现有的解决方案,如卫生专业人员的国际移民,往往将短缺问题从发达国家转移到低收入和中等收入国家.
- 了解这些短缺的系统驱动因素对于有效的政策制定至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 总结全球医疗保健劳动力发展趋势.
- 审查解释医疗保健劳动力短缺的理论框架.
- 讨论解决这些短缺问题的政策干预措施.
主要方法:
- 文献综述和对医疗保健劳动力发展当前趋势的综合.
- 分析与劳动力供需相关的理论宏观经济模型.
- 基于研究发现的政策影响的讨论.
主要成果:
- 医疗保健劳动力短缺是一个复杂的全球问题,由流行病加剧.
- 由于医生和护士的供应不弹性,单单增加工资是不够的.
- 工作条件和工作满意度等非金钱因素至关重要.
- 移民和退休提供暂时的缓解,但不能解决系统性问题.
结论:
- 解决医疗保健劳动力短缺问题需要采用多方面的方法.
- 长期的解决方案包括增加培训能力 (医疗/护理学校) 和加强金融和非金融激励措施.
- 可持续的政策必须考虑供给侧和需求侧因素,同时改善医疗保健专业人员的工作环境.
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