一个环并不统治他们所有:线性mtDNA在Metazoa.
Ehsan Kayal1, Dennis V Lavrov1
1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Gene
|October 13, 2024
概括
线性线粒体基因组 (mtDNA) 在甲基动物中越来越多地被发现,挑战了传统的循环模型. 本综述探讨了它们的分布,起源和维护机制,强调了所有可用的mtDNA数据的重要性.
科学领域:
- 基因组学和分子生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 动物学 动物学
背景情况:
- 基因组测序的进步使线粒体基因组 (mtDNA) 架构的探索成为可能.
- 全基因组测序可以访问以前难以获得的不同寻常的mtDNA组织.
- 有越来越多的完整mtDNA序列可用,特别是对于Metazoa.
研究的目的:
- 审查线性mtDNA在Metazoa中的分布,重点关注同类动物,类动物和海绵.
- 讨论这些群体中线性线粒基因组的多重进化起源.
- 总结关于维持线性mtDNA完整性的机制的知识,并警告不要过早地定义完整性.
主要方法:
- 对现有研究的文献综述 关于甲动物线粒体基因组.
- 对线性mtDNA分布和特征的已公布数据的分析.
- 综合有关线性起源和保持线性的发现.
主要成果:
- 线性mtDNA在异足动物,类动物和海绵等非双元动物中发现,挑战了圆形mtDNA范式.
- 提出了多个独立的线性起源,包括等离子体插入 (cnidarians,海绵) 和tRNA异质体 (同位体).
- 终端重复可能作为端粒起作用,保持线性mtDNA完整性.
结论:
- 人们普遍认为甲动物mtDNA是完全循环的观点已经过时了.
- 线性mtDNA的起源不同,并利用特定的稳定机制.
- 所有可用的mtDNA数据,包括不完整的序列,对于遗传学和基因组学研究是有价值的.
相关概念视频
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
7.5K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
7.5K
Non-nuclear Inheritance
21.5K
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
21.5K
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes
3.6K
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
3.6K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
5.7K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.7K


