盲人成年人的口头和空间工作记忆能力以及失明开始时年龄的可能影响:系统性审查和元分析
Marta Sepúlveda-Palomo1,2, David Del Río3,4, Dolores Villalobos3,4,5
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. martasepulveda@ucm.es.
Neuropsychology review
|October 13, 2024
概括
失明对口头和空间任务的工作记忆 (WM) 有不同的影响. 虽然口头WM可能会因增强的语音技能而得到改善,但空间WM可能会因盲人过度依赖串行处理而受到阻碍.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 感官适应 感官适应
背景情况:
- 视力丧失需要显著的神经功能和认知适应.
- 现有的研究表明,盲人和有视力的人之间的工作记忆 (WM) 性能差异存在各种各样的发现.
- 影响这些差异的关键因素包括特定的WM任务和视力丧失的年龄.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析比较盲人与有视力的成年人口语和空间工作记忆 (WM) 性能的研究.
- 探索视力丧失的年龄如何影响这些WM性能差异.
- 综合当前对对失明反应的认知适应的理解.
主要方法:
- 在主要的科学数据库 (PsycArticles,PsycInfo,Medline,Web of Science) 进行系统的文献搜索.
- 包括21项相关研究.
- 进行元分析以计算效果大小,区分口头和视觉空间WM任务.
主要成果:
- 失明人士在工作记忆 (WM) 功能方面表现出适应性.
- 通过改进语音处理和序列编码,可以增强口头WM性能.
- 太空WM的性能可能会因过度依赖串行处理而受损,阻碍战略分组.
结论:
- 视觉感官损失导致语言和空间工作记忆 (WM) 中明显的适应.
- 与成人失明相比,早期失明可能会导致序列处理中的更明显的适应,尽管数据有限.
- 需要进一步的研究才能充分理解认知适应视力丧失的时间动态.
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