使用人工智能的可穿戴设备进行数字表型化,以特征精神疾病,并识别遗传关联
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|October 14, 2024
概括
可穿戴设备捕获生理数据,以创建精神疾病的中间表型. 这种方法提高了风险预测,并揭示了遗传联系,推进了精确精神病学.
科学领域:
- 神经科学和计算精神病学
- 遗传学和基因组学 遗传学和基因组学
- 数字健康和可穿戴技术
背景情况:
- 精神疾病是复杂的,受遗传学和环境的影响,但行为测量是具有挑战性的.
- 目前的诊断方法有局限性,需要新的方法来发现中间的表型.
- 可穿戴设备为持续的生理数据收集提供了一种低成本,最少侵入性的方法.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证可解释的人工智能模型,使用可穿戴设备衍生的特征作为精神疾病的中间表型.
- 通过将可穿戴数据与全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 集成来研究精神疾病的遗传结构.
- 证明消费者可穿戴技术在推进精密精神病学的维度方法中的实用性.
主要方法:
- 来自青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究队列的可穿戴和遗传数据的分析.
- 产生超过250个可穿戴设备衍生的特征,作为中间表型.
- 应用一个可解释的AI框架来进行风险评分和分类,其次是单变量和多变量GWAS.
主要成果:
- 人工智能模型在使用生理数据的时间模式对患有精神疾病的青少年进行分类时取得了高性能.
- 确定了29个重要的遗传基因位点和52个与精神病相关的基因,包括ELFN1和ADORA3.
- 与传统的分类诊断标签相比,可穿戴设备衍生的连续功能显示出更高的检测能力.
结论:
- 消费者可穿戴技术通过提供丰富,连续的行为数据,促进了精密精神病学的维度方法.
- 这项研究揭示了行为与遗传学之间的病因联系,为精神疾病的潜在机制提供了新的见解.
- 穿戴式产生的中间表型代表了理解和管理精神疾病的重大进步.
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