相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 10, 2025

08:14
Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
Published on: August 23, 2017
26.4K
氨基合成的理论前景:氧化或酸盐电还原?
Qianxiao Wang1,2, Pu Guo1, Huan Li1,2
1State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.
Small methods
|October 14, 2024
概括
电催化逆人工循环 (eRANC) 提供可持续的氨生产,绕过传统方法.
科学领域:
- 绿色化学 绿色化学
- 电化学 电化学 电化学
- 催化剂是一种催化剂.
背景情况:
- 传统的氨合成是能源密集型的,产生大量的温室气体.
- 电催化逆人工循环 (eRANC) 提供了一个由可再生电力供电的可持续替代方案.
- 研究重点是克服 eRANC 面临的挑战,以有效生产氨.
研究的目的:
- 从理论和计算上评估eRANC氨合成路线的挑战和机遇.
- 为了比较不同的eRANC途径,包括电化学降解酸盐 (eNO3RR),酸盐 (eNO2RR) 和氧化 (eNORR).
- 确定 eRANC 对可持续氨生产最有前途的战略.
主要方法:
- 对eRANC路径的理论和计算分析.
- 实验结果与理论预测的比较.
- 对固定路径的评估:N2→NO→NH3和氧化的电化学还原.
主要成果:
- N2→NO→NH3路径显示出高氨生产效率,这取决于在反应堆设计中解决氧化 (NO) 溶性问题.
- 电化学酸盐还原 (eNO3RR) 是一种可行的,无毒的替代方案,利用高效的固体-液体接口.
- 在低超潜的低选择性仍然是eNO3RR的一个挑战.
结论:
- eRANC路线为高效和可持续的氨生产提供了巨大的潜力.
- 控制氧化可溶性的反应器设计对于N2→NO→NH3通路至关重要.
- 需要进一步优化以提高eNO3RR的选择性,特别是在较低的超潜力.
相关概念视频
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation
5
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
5
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds
3.4K
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
3.4K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview
3.3K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
3.3K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism
3.7K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
3.7K
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2
4.1K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
4.1K
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Amides and Nitriles
2.4K
Nitriles can be reduced to primary amines using reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride or catalytic hydrogenation. The reduction introduces an amino group with an extra carbon in the skeleton. Nitriles are formed from the reaction between alkyl halides and sodium cyanide through the SN2 mechanism. Primary alkyl halides are the preferred substrates to prepare nitriles.
Amides can be reduced to primary, secondary, and tertiary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, active metals like Fe,...
Amides can be reduced to primary, secondary, and tertiary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, active metals like Fe,...
2.4K

