主动依赖解决中的语法和期望:来自挪威语的实验和建模证据
Anastasia Kobzeva1, Dave Kush2,3
1Department of Language and Literature, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
Cognitive science
|October 14, 2024
概括
理解者积极填补句子中的空白,甚至在挪威语的嵌入式问题中,支持基于语法的理论,而不是处理限制. 神经语言模型预测差距的位置,但不是大小,表明复杂的认知机制.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 填充缺口依赖解决方案通常被视为一个活跃的认知过程.
- 在岛屿域内 (例如嵌入式问题) 暂停这个过程是基于处理和基于语法的帐户之间的辩论.
- 对于语言理解的认知模型来说,了解概率模糊性在填充差距解决中的作用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查在增量语言处理过程中填充差距依赖性解决背后的机制.
- 测试是否由于处理限制或语法约束 (岛屿) 导致主动填空被阻止.
- 确定由神经语言模型建模的概率模两可,是否可以预测人类行为在填充区间分辨率.
主要方法:
- 使用挪威语进行了一项自律阅读研究,以检查嵌入式问题中的填空效应.
- 收集了关于阅读时间的行为数据,以确定处理模式.
- 来自神经语言模型 (LSTM) 的单词对单词的惊喜值被用来建模预期.
主要成果:
- 挪威参与者在嵌入式问题中显示了填空效应,这些问题不是语言中的语法岛屿.
- 这一发现支持基于语法的账户,而不是基于处理的账户,用于暂停主动填补空白.
- 神经语言模型surprisal准确地预测了填空效应的位置,但没有预测填空效应的规模.
结论:
- 语法结构,而不是一般的处理限制,似乎决定了嵌入式问题中主动填充区间解析的暂停.
- 概率的模糊性本身可能不能完全解释人类填空行为的大小.
- 需要进一步的研究来完善语言处理中人类增量期望的计算模型.
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