对个人控制的威胁 燃料相似性 吸引力
Anyi Ma1, Jessica J W Paek2, Fangzhou Liu3
1Department of Management and Human Resources, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
概括
当人们感到失去个人控制时,他们会寻找其他类似的人,因为他们需要结构. 这种效应在11项涉及全球9万多名参与者的多样性研究中观察到.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 个人控制是影响社会行为的基本人类需求.
- 感知到缺乏控制可以触发补偿心理机制.
- 了解这些机制对于社会凝聚力和多样性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查缺乏个人控制能力和偏爱与自己相似的他人之间的联系.
- 检查在这种关系中对结构需求的调解作用.
- 探索以控制为动机的相似性吸引对群体多样性的下游后果.
主要方法:
- 通过60个国家的纵向,实验和档案数据进行了11项研究 (N = 90,216).
- 采用跨国档案分析,实验室实验和实时交互研究.
- 利用因果链设计和操纵调解作为调节者的方法.
主要成果:
- 感知较低的个人控制与对不同邻居的偏好减少相关 (研究1).
- 个人控制能力较低的人更喜欢与自己相似的同事 (研究2).
- 对结构的需求调解了感知控制和相似吸引力之间的关系 (研究4-6).
- 对照激发的相似性吸引力预测了对同质群体的偏好 (研究7a-7b).
结论:
- 个人控制能力的不足会增强人们对社会偏好相似性的渴望.
- 对结构的需求是推动这种效应的关键心理机制.
- 研究结果揭示了控制的动机如何塑造社会结构和群体组成.
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