美国医院如何采用人工智能? 从2022年开始的早期证据
1Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, Affiliate Faculty, Public Policy Program, CHHS, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, United States.
Health affairs scholar
|October 15, 2024
概括
到2022年,近五分之一的美国医院采用人工智能 (AI),采用情况因医院特征和州而异. 优化工作流程的AI采用率最高,而员工安排的增长率最低.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健管理的管理
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
背景情况:
- 美国医院越来越多地采用人工智能 (AI) 技术.
- 在医院采用人工智能的特点,趋势和地理分布方面存在重大知识差距.
- 了解这些模式对于有针对性的政策制定和资源分配至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 利用2022年美国医院协会 (AHA) 数据分析美国医院中人工智能采用的特点和趋势.
- 开发和应用新的医院AI采用模型 (HAIAM) 来根据AI采用水平和应用领域对医院进行分类.
- 确定影响人工智能采用的因素,并绘制出实施人工智能的医院的地理分布图.
主要方法:
- 对2022年美国医院协会 (AHA) 数据集的分析.
- 开发医院人工智能采用模型 (HAIAM),将人工智能采用分为高,中和低等级.
- 将人工智能应用分为五个关键领域:预测患者需求,优化工作流程,自动化例行任务,人员安排和预测人员需求.
主要成果:
- 18.70%的美国医院 (1107) 在2022年之前采用了某种形式的AI.
- 高采用者占医院的3.82%,中等采用者6.22%,低采用者8.67%.
- 人工智能采用率在优化工作流程方面最高 (12.91%),在员工安排方面增长最低 (9.53%).
- 较大的医院,那些有门诊外科部门,私人非营利性所有权,教学地位,以及那些在卫生系统中的医院显示出更高的人工智能采用.
- 新泽西州在人工智能采用方面领先 (48.94%),而新墨西哥州的采用率为0%.
结论:
- 美国各医院的AI采用率和水平存在显著差异.
- 医院的尺寸,所有权和系统关联等特征与AI采用有关.
- 人工智能采用的地理差异凸显了针对性政策干预的必要性,以促进公平的AI整合到医疗保健中.
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