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相关概念视频

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

189.4K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
189.4K
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

423
Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
423
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

69
Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
69
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

4.3K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
4.3K
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

277
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
277
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport

3.6K
Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either...
3.6K

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Mapping Molecular Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane by Multiple-Target Tracing MTT
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Mapping Molecular Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane by Multiple-Target Tracing MTT

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对于不可察觉和可转移的对抗性攻击的扩散模型.

Jianqi Chen, Hao Chen, Keyan Chen

    IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence
    |October 15, 2024
    PubMed
    概括
    此摘要是机器生成的。

    本研究介绍了DiffAttack,这是一种使用扩散模型创建视觉上不可察觉的对抗性攻击的新方法. DiffAttack增强了对黑子模型的可转移性,优于现有技术.

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    相关实验视频

    Last Updated: Jun 10, 2025

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    The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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    科学领域:

    • 计算机视觉 计算机视觉
    • 人工智能的人工智能
    • 机器学习 机器学习

    背景情况:

    • 现有的对抗性攻击往往会在图像RGB空间中产生明显的干扰.
    • 不受限制的攻击缺乏可转移到黑子模型的可能性.
    • 视觉不可感知性和可转移性是对抗性攻击中的关键挑战.

    研究的目的:

    • 提出一种新的对抗性攻击方法,DiffAttack,可以实现视觉不可察觉性和可转移性.
    • 为了利用传播模型的生成和歧视能力,为制造对抗性示例.
    • 解决现有的对抗性攻击策略的局限性.

    主要方法:

    • 在扩散模型的潜在空间中制造干扰,而不是像素空间.
    • 使用内容保存结构来产生人类不敏感的扰动,用语义线索.
    • 通过分散他们的注意力来欺骗扩散模型,以提高可转移性.

    主要成果:

    • DiffAttack生成不可察觉的对抗性示例,这些示例可以在各种模型架构 (CNN,变压器,MLP) 中转移.
    • 拟议的方法证明了它在代性,基于GAN和整体攻击方面的优势.
    • 在ImageNet,CUB-200和斯坦福汽车数据集上进行了实验,验证了对各种防御的有效性.

    结论:

    • DiffAttack是第一个将扩散模型整合到对抗性攻击中的方法,提供了一个新的方向.
    • 这种方法成功地平衡了不可察觉性和可转移性,优于以前的方法.
    • 未来的研究可以探索基于扩散的对抗性攻击的进一步进展.