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相关概念视频

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

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The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Non-ohmic Devices00:51

Non-ohmic Devices

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In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
Consider a simple circuit consisting of a battery, a diode, and a resistor. A...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

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An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
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Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
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Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
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集成的人工神经网络具有可训练的激活功能,可通过拓绝缘体基于旋转轨道扭矩装置启用.

Puyang Huang1, Xinqi Liu2,3, Yue Xin1

  • 1School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.

ACS nano
|October 15, 2024
PubMed
概括

这项研究表明,在一个新的Bi2Te3/CrTe2异构装置中,类似于大脑的突触和神经元功能. 这一创新使人工神经网络的训练速度更快,并简化了复杂算法的硬件设计.

关键词:
不正常的霍尔效应人工神经网络的人工神经网络旋转-轨道扭矩拓绝缘体的拓绝缘体是一个范德瓦尔斯铁磁铁的铁磁铁

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学与工程 材料科学与工程
  • 设备物理 设备物理
  • 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.

背景情况:

  • 非挥发性记忆元对人工神经网络 (ANN) 是有前途的.
  • 将各种功能和算法块集成到单一的硬件系统中存在重大挑战.
  • 现有的ANN硬件通常依赖于复杂的软件实现来实现基本功能.

研究的目的:

  • 在一个单一的设备中展示类似大脑的突触 (SOT-S) 和神经元 (SOT-N) 功能.
  • 为了利用这些功能,实现高效的ANN硬件实现.
  • 为了减少系统的复杂性,并提高ANN的培训性能.

主要方法:

  • 一个基于Bi2Te3/CrTe2异构的旋转轨道扭矩 (SOT) 装置的制造.
  • 对突触可塑性 (长期强化/抑郁) 的SOT-S单元的表征.
  • 整合SOT-N细胞用于神经元激活功能.
  • 实现串行连接,电压模式感应的ANN架构.
  • 使用开发的硬件训练MNIST数据集.

主要成果:

  • SOT-S单元表现出高度线性和对称的增强/减弱,在MNIST数据集上达到>90%的准确性.
  • SOT-N 细胞固有的 Sigmoid 形状过渡取代了软件激活功能,简化了 ANN 架构.
  • 串行连接的ANN架构增强了信号强度,读取误差低 (0.61%),并简化了外围电路.
  • SOT-N的可训练激活功能使集成批量规范化和激活操作成为可能,提高了训练性能.

结论:

  • Bi2Te3/CrTe2异构SOT设备成功地集成了突触和神经元的功能.
  • 这种综合方法显著降低了ANN硬件的复杂性,并提高了培训效率.
  • 开发的设备平台为下一代神经形态计算硬件提供了一个有前途的途径.