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Amy L Baker¹, Bailey Arruda², Mitchell V Palmer²

¹Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA. amy.l.baker@usda.gov.

|October 15, 2024

概括

高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) H5N1类 2.3.4.4b 试验感染的牛. 这项研究证实了小牛的轻度疾病,以及母牛的显著乳量损失和乳腺组织损伤.

科学领域:

兽医病毒学
动物健康
传染性疾病

背景情况:

高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) H5N1类2.3.4.4b在2021年在美国出现,导致家禽,野生鸟类和哺乳动物的严重死亡.
2024年3月,在德克萨斯州的奶牛中发现了HPAI H5N1类别2.3.4.4b,导致对14个州的200多只牛群的牛奶生产损失进行了多州调查.
乳母牛的初步病例描述包括减少料摄入量,减少牛奶产量和改变牛奶外观,诊断结果显示牛奶和乳腺组织的病毒RNA病变.

研究的目的:

在荷尔斯坦的一岁小母牛和哺乳母牛中实验繁殖HPAI H5N1类 2.3.4.4b (基因型B3.13).
调查HPAI H5N1在牛中的发病,传播途径和临床表现.
为未来针对牛群的HPAI H5N1干预策略研究奠定基础.

主要方法:

通过气溶呼吸道接种霍尔斯坦年龄小母牛.
乳牛通过乳房内途径接种疫苗.
感染确认包括病毒检测,病变评估和血清转化分析.

主要成果:

雌牛表现出轻微的临床疾病迹象,通过病毒检测,病变和血清转化确认感染.
哺乳奶牛的乳房动力下降,牛奶的外观发生变化,产量下降.
牛奶中高水平的病毒RNA,成功的病毒隔离,乳腺组织病变和血清转化证实了哺乳母牛的感染.

结论:

试验性感染HPAI H5N1类2.3.4.4b基因型B3.13可能导致牛的临床疾病,从牛犊的轻度到哺乳母牛的显著生产损失.
这项研究证实乳腺是目标组织,并突出了乳生产的潜在影响.
这项研究为了解牛群中HPAI H5N1病变提供了关键数据,并为未来对传播和控制策略的调查提供了信息.

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