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相关概念视频

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.2K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
44.2K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

8.1K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
8.1K
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

8.9K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
8.9K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

5.1K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
5.1K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
10:42

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Published on: August 18, 2014

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轨道前额皮层是学习调节先天的嗅觉行为的必要条件.

Kiana Miyamoto1, Jeremy Stark1, Mayuri Kathrotia1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093-0357.

eNeuro
|October 15, 2024
PubMed
概括

在寻找水时,小鼠可以学会克服先天的气味偏好. 轨道前皮层 (OFC) 对于这种学习的行为覆盖至关重要,它调节对气味的天生的反应.

关键词:
厌恶 厌恶 厌恶这是天生的,天生的.嗅觉嗅觉是一种嗅觉.轨道前部 轨道前部

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An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice
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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 动物行为 动物行为
  • 嗅觉处理 嗅觉处理

背景情况:

  • 动物对环境暗示,如气味,有天生的反应.
  • 学习对于适应天生的反应以应对不断变化的需求和风险至关重要.
  • 哺乳动物先天嗅觉反应的学习调节机制尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究在小鼠的先天嗅觉反应的学会取消背后的神经机制.
  • 通过学习来确定轨道前皮层 (OFC) 在调节先天性气味厌恶中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 开发了一种新的嗅觉测试方法,口渴的小鼠可以在水的吸引力和厌恶性气味之间选择.
  • 利用光遗传学和化学遗传学沉默技术来使OFC失活.
  • 用特定大脑区域的c-fos表达来测量气味唤起的神经活动.

主要成果:

  • 当在有吸引力的港口减少了水的供应时,小鼠学会了更喜欢厌恶的气味而不是有吸引力的气味.
  • 沉默OFC阻止了先天的气味偏好被学会的覆盖.
  • OFC无活化抑制了边缘结构中的神经活动,如杏仁体,侧 septum 和 stria terminalis 的床核.

结论:

  • 轨道前皮层 (OFC) 对于先天的嗅觉驱动行为学习调制至关重要.
  • OFC向边缘结构发出信号,以取代基于学习值对气味的天生的反应.
  • 这项研究揭示了一个神经回路,用于灵活的行为适应,以应对不断变化的环境需求.