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NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:34

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

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Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling...
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Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants
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在中国,无法解释的高和持续的甲基化物排放量.

Xiaoyi Hu1, Bo Yao2,3, Jens Mühle4

  • 1College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.

Nature communications
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中国中国中国中国.

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科学领域:

  • 大气化学 大气化学
  • 环境科学 环境科学
  • 臭氧层研究 臭氧层研究

背景情况:

  • 甲基化物 (CH3Br) 是一个重要的臭氧破坏物质,在全球范围内受到监管.
  • 准确量化CH3Br排放对于监测蒙特利尔议定书的遵守和臭氧层恢复至关重要.
  • 在中国的CH3Br排放的空间和时间分布还不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 通过大气观测,估计中国2011年至2020年的全国CH3Br排放量.
  • 将上下排放估计与自下而上的库存数据进行比较.
  • 为了确定低估或未确定的来源对CH3Br排放的贡献.

主要方法:

  • 利用来自中国10个监测站点的大气观测.
  • 采用大气逆转技术进行自上而下的排放估计.
  • 结果与已识别的排放源的更新自下而上的清单进行了比较.

主要成果:

  • 观察到显著增强的CH3Br分子分数,特别是在中国东部.
  • 顶向下排放估计比底向上的估计高出每年5.5±1.4千克.
  • 大约60%的观察到的CH3Br排放来自低估或未确定的来源.

结论:

  • 在中国存在大量未计数的CH3Br排放量,影响着平流层臭氧的消耗.
  • 调查结果对评估遵守"蒙特利尔议定书"具有重要意义.
  • 需要进一步的研究来识别和量化以前未知的CH3Br排放源.