人类ERV衍生长非编码RNA的功能双向性
Yanmei Song1,2, Hongling Wen1, Xiuli Zhai2,3
1Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Jinan 250012, China.
International journal of molecular sciences
|October 16, 2024
概括
人体内源逆转录病毒 (HERV) 和它们衍生的长非编码RNA (lncRNA) 涉及人类疾病,包括癌症. 这些ERV衍生的lncRNAs具有双重作用,具有作为癌症生物标志物和治疗点的潜力.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 癌症研究 癌症研究
背景情况:
- 人体内源逆转录病毒 (HERVs) 整合到人类基因组中,曾经被认为是"垃圾DNA".
- 异常的HERV激活与各种人类疾病,尤其是癌症有关.
- 从HERV转录的长非编码RNA (lncRNAs) 在生物功能中起着至关重要的作用.
研究的目的:
- 审查 HERV 衍生 lncRNAs 的生理作用.
- 突出异常HERV衍生 lncRNA表达在致癌的病理影响.
- 讨论这些lncRNAs作为癌症生物标志物和治疗点的潜力.
主要方法:
- 对 HERV 衍生 lncRNAs 的研究进行文献综述.
- 分析它们在免疫调节,多能性和红色素形成等生理过程中的作用.
- 检查了它们在癌症发展中的异常激活背后的机制.
主要成果:
- HERV衍生的 lncRNAs参与了重要的生理功能.
- 这些lncRNAs的异常表达可以促进或抑制瘤的发展,表明功能双向性.
- 特定的HERV元素及其转录的lncRNAs在疾病发病过程中发挥着关键作用.
结论:
- HERV衍生的 lncRNA 是关键的调节者,在正常生理和疾病中起着重要的作用.
- 它们的双重瘤抑制和瘤效应使它们成为有希望的新生物标志物和癌症的治疗点.
- 需要进一步研究HERVs, lncRNAs和癌症之间的确切关系.
相关概念视频
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
8.5K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.5K
LTR Retrotransposons
17.4K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.4K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons
11.4K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
11.4K
Leaky Scanning
5.1K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.1K
Types of RNA
5.7K
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
RNA Performs Diverse...
5.7K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis
13.1K
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
13.1K


