在政治党派中,道德动空间和群体偏在政治党派之间
Andrea Robbett1, Henry Walsh1, Peter Hans Matthews1,2
1Department of Economics, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA.
PNAS nexus
|October 16, 2024
概括
当为自私行为提供借口时,政治党派的支持者表现出较少的群体偏见. 通过允许自私的选择,无论伴侣的身份如何,道德动空间减少了群体内偏见.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
背景情况:
- 群体偏爱或群体内偏见是一种常见的社会现象.
- 了解减轻或加剧群体偏爱的因素对于社会凝聚力至关重要.
- "道德自由度"在影响政治环境中的自私行为中的作用未被充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查为自我利益行为提供借口如何影响政治党派之间的群体偏爱.
- 检查信息不对称性对收益分配选择的影响.
- 为了确定道德摇摆的空间是否不同地影响对集团内部与集团外成员的行为.
主要方法:
- 在2022年中期选举之前,与美国政治支持者进行了一项预先注册的实验.
- 参与者为自己和合作伙伴做出了支付分配选择,了解合作伙伴身份 (共党派或反对党派).
- 实验条件操纵了关于对合作伙伴的回报后果的信息可用性.
主要成果:
- 在充分信息条件下,参与者表现出显著的群体偏好.
- 当付出后果最初被隐藏时 (提供道德摇摆空间),参与者无论伴侣身份如何,都会自私地行事.
- 无知率在群体内和群体外的合作伙伴中是相似的,但在与党员互动时,道德摇摆的空间更显著地减少了群体偏爱.
结论:
- 对自私行为的借口的可用性可以显著减少群体偏爱.
- 道德动空间不成比例地影响了对集团成员的行为,减少了集团内偏见.
- 当问责制降低时,政治党派利用机会进行自私的行为,挑战已建立的群体内偏好.
相关概念视频
In- and Out-Groups
38.9K
People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
38.9K
Group Polarization
34.2K
Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
34.2K
Groupthink
44.2K
When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...
44.2K
Social Proof
27.6K
Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
27.6K
Stereotype Content Model
14.0K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
14.0K
Confirmation Biases
5.5K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
5.5K


