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最近的艾滋病毒感染情况和来自关键人群的青少年艾滋病毒发病率估计

Diana Zeballos¹, Fabiane Soares¹, Laio Magno^1,2

¹Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil.

Revista de saude publica

|October 17, 2024

概括

最近在5名青少年中发现了HIV-1感染,估计巴西与男性发生性关系的年轻男性和跨性别女性的HIV发病率为1.7%. 针对性预防,如艾滋病毒暴露前预防 (PrEP),对这一群体至关重要.

科学领域:

传染性疾病传染性疾病
流行病学流行病学
公共卫生公共卫生

背景情况:

与男性发生性关系的青少年男性 (AMSM) 和跨性别女性 (ATGW) 不成比例地受到艾滋病毒的影响.
了解艾滋病毒发病率和最近感染对于有效的预防策略至关重要.

研究的目的:

在巴西的AMSM和ATGW中识别最近的HIV-1感染.
为了估计这一关键人群中的艾滋病毒发病率.

主要方法:

对PrEP1519研究 (2020年1月至12月) 的基线数据进行了横截面分析.
使用了最近的感染测试算法 (RITA),结合了近期测试,病毒载量和CD4细胞计数.
艾滋病毒发病率估计使用最近感染的平均持续时间为214天和错误最近发病率为0.02.

主要成果:

在494名参与者中,21人检测出艾滋病毒阳性,患病率为4.2%.
五名青少年 (1.0%的总参与者) 被确定为最近的HIV-1感染.
估计的艾滋病毒发病率为1.7%,大多数感染发生在年长的青少年 (18-19岁) 和非白人个人中.

结论:

估计的艾滋病毒发病率强调了针对性艾滋病毒预防干预措施的迫切需要,包括性少数群体青少年的暴露前预防 (PrEP).
将RITA纳入常规艾滋病毒检测可以提供有关当前艾滋病毒流行病的宝贵见解,并有助于监测预防的有效性.
这种方法支持对处于风险人群的艾滋病早期治疗的改善.

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