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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

332
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
332
Language Development01:22

Language Development

321
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
321
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

768
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
768
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

250
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
250
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

311
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
311
Language01:16

Language

199
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
199

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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语法驱动默认语言选择在双语连接语音制作中的语法驱动.

Jessie Quinn1, Matthew Goldrick2, Catherine Arnett3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego.

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概括

双语语言的选择是由语法处理驱动的,而不仅仅是抑制. 语法结构显著影响双语者如何管理语言切换,随机单词顺序大大减少错误.

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科学领域:

  • 心理语言学 心理语言学
  • 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
  • 双语研究 双语研究

背景情况:

  • 双语语言的选择是复杂的,涉及多种控制机制.
  • 语法处理与抑制控制在语言切换中的确切作用仍在争论中.

研究的目的:

  • 研究语法处理在双语语言选择中的作用.
  • 为了确定语法处理是否独立于抑制控制机制.

主要方法:

  • 120名以英语为主导的西班牙语-英语双语者使用语言切换器进行大声阅读任务.
  • 实验操纵了语法结构 (正常,名词交换,随机) 和交换词的可预测性.
  • 测量了入侵错误 (意想不到的翻译) 和语言内错误.

主要成果:

  • 侵入错误在正常段落中最高,在名词交换中减少,并在随机条件下大幅减少.
  • 随机单词顺序显著减少了入侵错误,尽管语言内错误的增加.
  • 侵入与关键词可预测性相关,但条件效应持续存在.

结论:

  • 双语语言的选择主要是由语法处理驱动的.
  • 语法处理似乎独立于其他语言控制机制 (如抑制) 运作.
  • 这些发现提升了我们对双语者认知控制的理解.