生态刻板印象存在于各个社会中,并覆盖了种族和家庭结构刻板印象
Oliver Sng1, Keelah E G Williams2, Saori Tsukamoto3
1Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine.
Journal of personality and social psychology
|October 17, 2024
概括
人们认为,处于恶劣环境中的个人会冲动地行动,投资较少. 这些生态刻板印象影响种族和家庭的看法,但可以被个人信息所覆盖.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 环境心理学 环境心理学
- 跨文化心理学 跨文化心理学
背景情况:
- 生态刻板印象是将环境条件与行为倾向联系在一起的信念.
- 一个生命历史的观点表明,环境压力塑造了进化的心理机制和社会行为.
研究的目的:
- 研究不同文化间生态刻板印象的性质和影响.
- 检查生态刻板印象是否是其他形式的群体刻板印象的基础,例如基于种族和家庭结构的刻板印象.
主要方法:
- 跨文化调查和实验研究涉及美国,印度,日本,罗马尼亚和英国的不同人口群体 (N = 2,078).
- 检查了关于在恶劣/不可预测的生态环境中的个体的信念,以及它们与种族和家庭结构刻板印象的关系.
- 研究了在生态刻板印象的力量下感知到的生态流动性的调节作用.
主要成果:
- 参与者始终认为在恶劣环境中的个人表现出"更快"的行为 (例如,冲动性,对教育/后代的投资较低).
- 生态刻板印象似乎是种族刻板印象 (黑/白) 和家庭结构刻板印象 (单亲家庭) 的基础.
- 当感知者收到有关个体生态的直接信息时,刻板印象的应用减少了,而高度感知到的生态流动性减弱了这些刻板印象.
结论:
- 生态刻板印象是一种普遍且有影响力的,但未被充分研究的社会认知形式.
- 这些刻板印象对理解更广泛群体刻板印象的形成和应用有重大影响.
- 研究结果强调了感知到的环境条件在塑造社会判断和群体间关系中的作用.
相关概念视频
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
90.0K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
90.0K
Stereotype Content Model
14.0K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
14.0K
Cultural Influences on Personality
127
Individualist and collectivist cultures emphasize different core values, shaping personality in distinct ways. In individualist cultures, such as those in the United States, England, and Australia, people prioritize independence, competition, and personal achievement. These societies tend to promote self-focused traits, with individuals often reporting higher levels of self-esteem. In contrast, collectivist cultures, commonly found in regions like Asia, Africa, and South America, emphasize...
127
Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture
30
Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
30
In- and Out-Groups
38.9K
People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
38.9K
Schemas
11.5K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
11.5K


