描述火灾中的和火灾周围的工人对空气污染物的暴露
Karin Lovén1,2, Lina Hagvall1,2, Johannes Rex3
1Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
消防员面临大量的烟雾暴露,观察员体验到空气中的污染物和多环芳 (PAHs) 的较高水平. 皮肤吸收PAHs是主要的暴露途径,即使在空气度低.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景情况:
- 消防员和支持人员在发生火灾时会接触到各种空气污染物.
- 多环芳 (PAHs) 由于其致癌潜力而引起严重关注.
- 了解暴露途径对于减轻健康风险至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 描述消防员,观察员和消防后工作人员的职业烟雾暴露情况.
- 为了关联各种暴露标志物,包括空气中的污染物和尿液PAH代谢物.
- 评估皮肤吸收对PAH总体暴露的贡献.
主要方法:
- 个人空气采样等效黑碳 (eBC),元素碳 (EC),有机碳 (OC),二氧化 (NO2),PAH,肺沉积表面积 (LDSA) 和粒子数度 (PNC).
- 暴露前后尿道PAH代谢物的分析.
- 擦拭采样以评估设备,个人防护设备 (PPE) 和车辆上的PAH污染.
主要成果:
- 与火灾后的工人相比,没有PPE的观察员暴露于EC和LDSA的水平更高.
- 尿中PAH代谢物水平在消防员和观察员中升高.
- 在PPE表面发现了高水平的PAH污染,这表明皮肤暴露的可能性很大.
结论:
- 多重暴露标志物有效地评估烟雾暴露.
- 行为和个人防护设备的使用会影响暴露水平,特别是对于没有保护的观察者来说.
- 皮肤吸收是PAH吸收的重要途径,导致尿中代谢物水平升高.
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