在一次性阅读过程中,自下而上和自上而下处理的时空动态
Nigel Flower1, Liina Pylkkänen2,3
1Departments of Linguistics, New York University, New York, New York 10003 nf2102@nyu.edu.
概括
大脑使用语法知识快速纠正句子中的单词顺序错误. 这种神经过程在视觉识别单词后几乎立即发生,表现出快速的上下错误校正.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 语言处理依赖于自下而上的感官输入和自上而下的知识.
- 读者往往没有注意到句子中的单词顺序错误 (例如,转换单词).
- 在句子理解过程中,大脑纠正错误的基础的神经机制尚未完全被理解.
研究的目的:
- 研究神经反应对语法和语法错误句子的时间动态.
- 为了确定大脑如何利用语法知识来检测和纠正句子理解过程中的单词顺序错误.
- 检查自上而下的知识在实时超越感知错误中的作用.
主要方法:
- 使用快速并行视觉呈现来闪光四个单词的句子 (语法和内置转换) 300 ms.
- 记录了24名人类参与者的磁脑电图 (MEG) 反应.
- 分析神经活动,以区分大脑对正确和错误句子结构的反应.
主要成果:
- 左侧语言皮层区分了语法和反向句子,从刺激开始后的213 ms开始.
- 最初,神经对内置转换的反应类似于反向句子的反应,表明错误检测.
- 随后,内部转换变得与语法句子无法区分,这表明在100 ms内成功纠正错误.
结论:
- 语法知识几乎和对象识别一样迅速地影响句子理解中的神经活动.
- 大脑采用一个快速的,两阶段的过程:最初的错误检测,然后是自上而下的错误纠正.
- 语法在视觉文字形式识别后不久显著影响神经处理,突出显示了预测性语言理解的效率.
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