责任差距和报复性处置:来自美国,日本和德国的证据
Markus Kneer1, Markus Christen2
1IDea_Lab, University of Graz, Graz, Austria. markus.kneer@gmail.com.
Science and engineering ethics
|October 17, 2024
概括
人们愿意将自主系统负责伤害,挑战责任差距的想法. 这项跨文化研究发现,报复主义的道德倾向与没有人对自主行为负责的可能性相冲突.
科学领域:
- 伦理哲学的道德哲学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 机器人 伦理学 机器人伦理学
背景情况:
- 越来越多的机器人化引发了人们对自主系统造成伤害的问责制的担忧.
- 达纳赫 (Danaher, 2016) 引入了"报复差距"的概念,即没有人可以公正地对有害的结果负责,这与报复主义的道德信仰相冲突.
- 自主武器系统为探索现实世界的责任差距提供了关键的案例研究.
研究的目的:
- 实证地研究跨文化对自主系统道德责任的看法.
- 检查当自主系统犯下有害行为,特别是战争罪时,人们如何分配责任.
- 评估报复主义道德倾向与潜在的责任差距之间的冲突.
主要方法:
- 跨文化经验研究,涉及来自美国,日本和德国的参与者.
- 利用基于Sparrow (2007) 关于自主武器系统犯下战争罪的例子的一个场景.
- 收集的数据是关于参与者愿意赋予道德责任以及他们将责任归咎于系统和人类代理人的意愿.
主要成果:
- 参与者表现出对赋予自主系统道德责任的意愿.
- 与自主系统互动的人类代理部分免责.
- 调查结果表明,存在规范责任差距与强烈的报复主义道德倾向不一致.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了经验证据来支持报复主义道德与自主系统导致的责任差距的出现之间的紧张关系.
- 这些发现对管理人工智能和自主技术的法律和伦理框架有影响.
- 需要进一步的研究来探索在先进自动化背景下责任差距的社会和伦理后果.
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