甲状腺激素和甲状腺模拟剂对肝脏的作用
Rohit A Sinha1, Eveline Bruinstroop2, Paul M Yen3,4
1Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology
|October 17, 2024
概括
甲状腺激素对肝脏健康和代谢平衡至关重要. 了解它们在代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪肝炎 (MASH) 中的作用和使用肝选择性胆固醇仿制药是有效治疗的关键.
科学领域:
- 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 代谢疾病 代谢疾病
背景情况:
- 甲状腺激素 (triiodothyronine和thyroxine) 调节肝脏新陈代谢,包括脂质和葡萄糖平衡.
- 甲状腺激素的失调有助于肝脏代谢障碍,增加MASH风险.
- 降低甲状腺激素水平会促进肝脏的脂毒性,炎症和纤维化.
研究的目的:
- 阐明甲状腺激素在正常肝功能和MASH病变发生过程中的作用.
- 探索针对肝脏和甲状腺激素受体β (THRB) 的甲状腺模拟剂的治疗潜力.
- 讨论用甲状腺激素补充剂或甲状腺模拟剂治疗MASH的临床考虑.
主要方法:
- 对甲状腺激素和MASH的临床前和临床研究的综述.
- 针对肝脏特定途径的甲状腺模拟性发育的分析.
- 检查resmetirom的作用机制,一个FDA批准的MASH药物.
主要成果:
- 甲状腺激素对于维持肝脏代谢平衡是必不可少的.
- 甲状腺模拟剂,像resmetirom一样,提供肝脏代谢途径的有针对性的激活.
- 选择性激活可以减少与传统甲状腺激素治疗相关的全身副作用.
结论:
- 甲状腺激素在肝脏新陈代谢和MASH发育中起着至关重要的作用.
- 选择性肝脏甲状腺模拟剂代表了MASH的有前途的治疗策略.
- 需要进一步了解,以优化临床使用和管理潜在的问题.
相关概念视频
01:20Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
4.3K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
4.3K
01:18Functions of Thyroid Hormones
2.6K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
2.6K
01:23The Thyroid Gland
3.6K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
3.6K
01:22Target Cell Response to Hormones
3.0K
Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
3.0K
01:31Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors
1.3K
Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
1.3K
01:17Hormones and Bone Tissue
2.6K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
2.6K