在印度的各种风险群体中结核感染的流行:系统性审查和元分析
Arohi Chauhan1, Malik Parmar2, Girish Dash3
1Research Scientist, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.
概括
结核病感染 (TBI) 在印度吸烟者 (59%),糖尿病患者 (53%) 和酒者 (53%) 中非常普遍. 这项研究提供了证据来重新优先考虑结核病预防治疗 (TPT) 策略的风险组.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 结核病感染 (TBI) 治疗对于印度结束结核病的国家战略计划至关重要.
- 扩大获得较短的结核预防治疗 (TPT) 方案的机会,需要确定高风险群体.
- 了解各种风险群体的TBI患病率对于有针对性的TPT策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定印度各个风险群体中结核感染 (TBI) 的流行率.
- 为调整结核病预防治疗 (TPT) 策略的风险群体重新确定优先级提供信息.
主要方法:
- 2012年至2023年间发表的68项研究的系统综述和元分析.
- 来自Embase,Medline,Scopus和CINAHL的数据使用随机效应模型进行了聚合.
- 使用干扰素-释放试验 (IGRA) 数据估计的TBI患病率,补充了结核素皮肤试验 (TST) 数据.
主要成果:
- 整体综合的TBI患病率为36%.
- 在吸烟者 (59%),糖尿病患者 (53%),酒者 (53%),营养不良者 (48%) 和结核病患者接触者 (47%) 中观察到高TBI患病率.
- 在艾滋病毒 (44%),孕妇 (36%) 和医疗保健工作者 (31%) 中也发现了显著的TBI负担.
结论:
- 印度面临着多个风险群体的结核病感染 (TBI) 的实质性负担.
- 这些发现支持世界卫生组织考虑在高发病率群体中进行系统的TBI查和治疗.
- 重新优先考虑风险分层是有效和定制结核病预防治疗 (TPT) 实施所必需的.
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