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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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相关实验视频

Updated: May 6, 2026

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method
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在商品织品上的微结构反射涂层用于被动个人冷却.

Evan D Patamia1, Megan K Yee1, Trisha L Andrew1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.

ACS applied materials & interfaces
|October 18, 2024
PubMed
概括

研究人员开发了一种新的织涂层,使用碳酸和硫酸纳米颗粒用于被动个人冷却. 这种创新的织物技术可以显著降低体温,甚至在阳光直射下提供有效的冷却.

关键词:
碳酸的碳酸是一种碳酸.化学蒸气沉积 化学蒸气沉积涂层涂层是一种涂层.晶体的生长 晶体的生长辐射冷却是一种辐射冷却.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 织工程 织工程 织工程
  • 热管理 热管理

背景情况:

  • 气候变化需要先进的个人热平衡解决方案.
  • 传统织品具有有限的热调节能力.
  • 先进的材料可以操纵光,使其被动加热或冷却.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种被动的个人冷却策略,使用普通服装.
  • 为了创建一个功能性织涂层,用于辐射冷却应用.
  • 评估涂层织物的性能和耐用性.

主要方法:

  • 利用Mie散射和有限差异时间域模拟来识别合适的反射纳米粒子 (碳酸和硫酸).
  • 开发了一种阶段性涂层工艺,涉及光启动化学蒸汽沉积和离子交换晶体生长.
  • 将CaCO3和BaSO4纳米/微粒层交替涂在聚波普林面料上.

主要成果:

  • 与未涂层样品相比,涂层面料的冷却能力高达8°C.
  • 在直接阳光下,在环境温度以下达到6°C的最大冷却.
  • 涂层在洗和耐久性测试后没有表现出机械降解或性能减弱,在建筑环境中提供高达3.4°C的环境下冷却.

结论:

  • 常见的织物可以转化为有效的被动冷却工具.
  • 开发的状复合材料涂层为个人热管理提供了弹性和长期的解决方案.
  • 这项技术为应对各种环境中的热应激提供了有前途的方法.