在注意力缺陷/多动障碍和自闭症谱系障碍中的执行功能缺陷
Michael J Kofler1, Elia F Soto2, Leah J Singh1
1Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Nature reviews psychology
|October 21, 2024
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童表现出类似的执行功能缺陷. 研究的局限性掩盖了这些障碍是独一无二的还是共同的,需要进一步调查.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿童精神病学 儿童精神病学
背景情况:
- 执行功能 (EF) 缺陷在自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷/多动症障碍 (ADHD) 中都很常见.
- 有限的研究已经澄清了在被诊断为ADHD的儿童中这些EF损伤的独特与共享的性质.
- 了解这些差异对于准确的诊断和有效的干预策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地审查有关ASD和ADHD儿童执行功能概况的现有文献.
- 确定当前研究的局限性,包括诊断,测量和第三变量考虑.
- 为未来的研究提供建议,以更好地界定独特和共享的EF赤字.
主要方法:
- 对当前科学文献进行系统审查.
- 诊断标准的批判性分析,神经心理测试和信息人评级尺度.
- 考虑ASD和ADHD症状的同时出现以及疾病内的异质性.
主要成果:
- 目前对ASD和ADHD的EF概况的理解显著有限.
- 大多数研究都无法解释同时出现的疾病和症状重叠.
- 传统的神经心理测试和尺度往往缺乏特异性,并构建了EF评估的有效性.
- 与神经型儿童相比,患有多动症和/或自闭症的儿童在广泛的神经心理测试中通常表现出中度障碍.
结论:
- 在多大程度上,EF困难是ASD和ADHD之间独一无二的或共享的程度仍然是未知的.
- 显著的方法限制阻碍了关于特定EF子组件损害的最终结论.
- 未来的研究必须解决并发现象,采用更具体的措施,并考虑到异质性,以促进理解.
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