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在男性和女性精英国际业余拳击中相对年龄的影响

Vladislav Kim¹, Lee Pote¹, Ryan Groom¹

¹School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Derby, Derby, UK.

Journal of sports sciences

|October 21, 2024

概括

相对年龄效应 (RAE) 在年轻的男性拳击手中比老年人更为普遍,而女性则呈现相反的趋势. 教练应该专注于长期发展,以减少青年拳击中的RAE.

科学领域:

运动科学运动科学运动科学
人类运动科学科学人类运动科学
人才识别人才识别

背景情况:

相对年龄效应 (RAE) 是体育领域的一个已有证据的现象,即选择年早出生的运动员具有表现优势.
了解精英拳击中不同性别和年龄类别的RAE患病率对于人才发展和公平竞争至关重要.

研究的目的:

调查国际业余拳击精英赛中相对年龄效应 (RAE) 的存在和特征.
分析性别 (男性与女性) 和年龄类别 (青年与老年人) 之间的RAE差异.

主要方法:

分析了来自12场国际比赛的4813名精英业余拳击手 (2013-2022年).
运动员被分为出生日期四分之一 (Q1-Q4).
基平方适合性测试和几率比率 (OR) 用于比较观察到的出生日期分布与预期的平等分布.

主要成果:

与老年拳击手相比,年轻拳击手的RAE患病率更高.
在男性中,RAE更为明显 (Q1中的过度代表性) 比女性更为明显,而女性则表现出相反的RAE趋势 (OR<0.95).
青年奖牌获得者显示,在早期四分位数中出生的运动员的比例过高 (OR>1.07).

结论:

相对年龄效应对精英青年拳击有很大的影响,尤其对男性来说.
女性拳击手的反向RAE趋势表明不同的发育途径或选择偏见.
建议包括教练的战略转换,以减轻短期成功的重视,提高RAE意识和教育,并为所有年轻拳击手创造公平的机会.

关键词:

相对年龄的影响.出生分布的出生分布.拳击拳击拳击是一项运动.战斗运动的战斗运动.选择偏差是一种选择偏差.

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