在自闭症与神经类型儿童中,保持对话话题和相关的认知能力
Kirsten Abbot-Smith1, Danielle Matthews2, Colin Bannard3
1University of Kent, UK.
Autism : the international journal of research and practice
|October 21, 2024
概括
自闭症儿童有时在谈话话题维护方面扎,但也表现出强项. 交谈技巧因人而异,并且随着年龄的增长和自闭症和神经类型儿童的理论思维能力的提高而有所改善.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 社会传播 社交传播
背景情况:
- 对来回对话的困难是自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的诊断标准.
- 在自闭症和神经类型人群中存在对话能力的个体差异.
- 社会沟通技巧显著影响同行关系和整体幸福感.
研究的目的:
- 调查自闭症和神经类型儿童 (5-9岁) 如何保持对话主题.
- 探索两组对话能力的认知和社会认知预测因素.
- 了解诊断组之间的对话技能的差异程度.
主要方法:
- 三项研究 (两项预先注册) 涉及口语流利的学龄儿童.
- 对话话题维护的分析,包括主题,最小和非语言回应.
- 研究对话技巧,思维理论,年龄和工作记忆之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 自闭症儿童更倾向于主题之外的和最小的反应,但在主题支持的反应中表现出优势 (62%).
- 在自闭症和神经类型儿童中观察到对话技能的显著个体差异.
- 对话能力与两个群体的思维理论和年龄正相关.
结论:
- 对话技能存在于连续性,自闭症和神经类型儿童之间的差异是程度的问题.
- 思想理论和年龄是学龄儿童对话能力的关键预测因素.
- 为所有儿童推一种通用,全课堂的方法来支持对话技巧.
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