人类关联性学习的上下文调制,新性促进灭绝,反条件化和常规灭绝之后
Jérémie Jozefowiez1, James E Witnauer2, Yaroslav Moshchenko3
1Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab), CNRS, UMR 9193, Université de Lille.
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition
|October 21, 2024
概括
新性促进灭绝 (NFE) 和反条件 (CC) 与灭绝 (Ext) 进行了比较,以减少学到的关联. 结果表明,NFE与Ext.相比,对恢复效应的抵抗力并不总是更强.
科学领域:
- 行为心理学 行为心理学
- 学习和记忆的学习和记忆
背景情况:
- 灭绝 (Ext) 减少了学到的关联,但容易产生恢复效应.
- 新性促进灭绝 (NFE) 和反条件化 (CC) 是对灭绝的替代方案.
- 有限的研究将NFE和CC直接与Ext进行比较,特别是在恢复阻力方面.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较人类参与者的Ext,CC和NFE对ABA更新的疗效和敏感性.
- 评估这些干扰治疗如何影响期望学习和评价条件.
- 为了确定NFE是否提供与Ext.相比更好的回收效应保护.
主要方法:
- 使用快速试验流程程序与人类参与者进行的两个厌恶条件实验.
- 通过期望学习 (预期US) 和评估条件 (CS价值) 来评估关联式学习.
- 对Ext,CC和NFE的比较,与无干扰控制一起,从它们对CS-US关联和上下文效应的影响来看.
主要成果:
- CC和NFE在减少预期学习方面表现同样有效,表现同Ext一样好或更好.
- 三种干扰处理 (Ext,CC,NFE) 都显示出对上下文操纵和ABA更新的同等敏感性.
- 只有CC显著改变了条件刺激 (CS) 的价值,而所有条件的价值评级都容易受到上下文的影响.
结论:
- 该研究不支持NFE比标准灭绝 (Ext) 对恢复效应的持续性更强的说法.
- CC和NFE在减少期望学习方面是有效的,CC也会影响刺激价值.
- 所有经过测试的干扰治疗都表现出与上下文依赖的恢复效应相似的脆弱性.
相关概念视频
Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction
451
Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
451
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning
529
Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
529
Associative Learning
300
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Classical conditioning, also known...
300
Principles of Classical Conditioning
503
Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
During the...
503
Classical Conditioning in Daily Life
644
Classical conditioning, a fundamental principle of associative learning, explains various phenomena observed in daily life, such as fear development, the placebo effect, taste aversion, and drug habituation. These applications demonstrate the profound impact of associative learning on human behavior and physiological responses.
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner famously demonstrated the development of fear through classical conditioning in their experiment with Little Albert. They paired the...
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner famously demonstrated the development of fear through classical conditioning in their experiment with Little Albert. They paired the...
644
Classical Conditioning
451
Associative learning, a core principle in behavioral psychology, involves forming connections between events and facilitating learned responses. This concept is vividly illustrated by classical conditioning, a process extensively studied by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov's pioneering research on dogs' digestive systems led to the discovery that behaviors can be learned through association, laying the groundwork for classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs...
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs...
451


