香白菌的通路可以防止有机过氧化物和脂质过氧化
Kara A Swenson1, Kyunghun Min2, James B Konopka1
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America.
PLoS genetics
|October 21, 2024
概括
虫 Candida albicans 使用谷氨过氧化酶 (GPxs) 激活Cap1,然后诱导抗氧化基因,防止有机过氧化物和脂质损伤. 这揭示了新的真菌氧化应激抵抗机制.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 病原体面对来自宿主免疫细胞的活性氧物种 (ROS).
- 脂质过氧化是由脂质基引起的,严重损害细胞膜.
- 关于真菌抗氧化途径的现有知识主要集中在过氧化上,而不是有机过氧化物或脂质过氧化.
研究的目的:
- 描述谷氨过氧化酶 (GPxs) 在对抗Candida albicans中的有机过氧化物和脂质过氧化中的作用.
- 研究Cap1转录因子在真菌氧化应激反应中的参与.
- 识别特定的基因和途径,对于抗氧化脂质的抗性至关重要.
主要方法:
- 一个由四个谷氨过氧化酶 (GPxs) 组成的家族的特征.
- 对CAP1缺失突变菌株对有机过氧化物和氧化脂质的敏感性的分析.
- 用RNA测序来研究对有机过氧化物反应的基因表达变化.
- 鉴定GLR1 (谷氨减少酶) 作为一个关键基因.
主要成果:
- GPxs的主要功能是激活Cap1转录因子,而不是直接过氧化物排毒.
- 一种CAP1删除突变对有机过氧化物和氧化脂质表现出高度敏感.
- 由Cap1上调的GLR1基因对抗氧化脂质的保护至关重要.
- RNA测序揭示了多种抗氧化基因和蛋白质损伤途径的上调.
结论:
- 菌使用Cap1介导的转录反应来对抗有机过氧化物和脂质过氧化.
- 使用谷氨的酶,如GLR1,在防止脂质过氧化方面发挥着重要作用.
- 这些发现揭示了真菌病原体中抗氧化应激的新机制,为治疗策略提供了新的点.
相关概念视频
01:20Radical Autoxidation
2.1K
The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
2.1K
01:24Peroxisomes
11.1K
Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
11.1K
02:04Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids
5.7K
Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
5.7K
01:17Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones
2.9K
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
2.9K
01:23Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones: Introduction
6.7K
Protecting groups are compounds that can bind to a specific functional group in the presence of other functional groups to protect them from undesired chemical reactions. These compounds can selectively bind to particular functional groups and advance chemoselective reactions in polyfunctional systems (Figure 1). After the functional group has served its purpose, it is removed by reacting it with specific compounds.
6.7K
02:31Protection of Alcohols
7.2K
This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
7.2K