禽流感概况 2024年6月至9月
EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
|October 22, 2024
概括
高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) 检测在欧洲海鸟中增加,发现了一种新的HPAI A(H5) 基因型. 人类病例仍然很少见,在欧盟/欧洲经济区,公众风险较低.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 对高度致病性禽流感 (HPAI) 病毒的监测对于了解传播动态和潜在的动物感染风险至关重要.
- 最近的流行病学时期显示,全球HPAI活动水平各不相同.
研究的目的:
- 报告和分析2024年6月至9月期间在欧洲检测到的HPAI A ((H5) 和A ((H7) 病毒.
- 评估新的HPAI基因型的出现及其潜在影响.
- 评估人类感染禽流感病毒的风险.
主要方法:
- 在欧洲各地收集关于在家禽和野生鸟类中检测HPAI病毒的监测数据.
- 检测到的HPAI病毒的基因定型.
- 报告的人类病例和其暴露史的审查.
- 对欧盟/欧洲经济区人类群体的风险评估.
主要成果:
- 在欧洲鸟类中报告了75例HPAI A ((H5) 和A ((H7) 病毒检测,在大西洋,北海和波罗的海沿岸增加,特别是在海鸟中.
- 确定了一种新的HPAI基因型,EA-2023-DT,可能在海中更容易传播.
- 全球报告了19例新的人类禽流感病毒感染病例,主要与家禽或奶牛接触有关.
- 欧洲哺乳动物中没有新的HPAI检测,但在美国有230多家乳牛场受到影响.
结论:
- 虽然在欧洲鸟类中检测到HPAI的情况显示出局部增加,但总体数量仍然相对较低.
- 像EA-2023-DT这样的新基因型的出现需要持续监测.
- 人类感染禽流感病毒仍然很罕见,没有人对人传播的证据.
- 在欧盟/欧洲经济区,禽流感病毒对公众的风险很低,但对于暴露的人来说,风险低至中等.
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